Difference Between C programming language and C++ programming language

The following are the differences between C and C++: C++ is an object oriented programming language. C is a structural programming language. C is a subset of C++.

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C

C is a general-purpose, procedural computer programming language supporting .

A successor to the programming language B, C was originally developed at Bell Labs by Dennis Ritchie between 1972 and 1973 to construct utilities running on Unix. It was applied to re-implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system. It has become one of the most widely used programming languages, with C compilers from various vendors available for the majority of existing computer architectures and operating systems. C has been standardized by the ANSI since 1989 (ANSI C) and by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

C is an imperative procedural language. It was designed to be compiled to provide low-level access to memory and language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, all with minimal runtime support.

C++

Where as C++ is a general-purpose programming language invented by Bjarne Stroustrup as an extension of the C programming language, or "C with Classes". The language has expanded significantly over time, and modern C++ now has object-oriented, generic, and functional features in addition to facilities for low-level memory manipulation. It is almost always implemented as a compiled language.

C++ was designed with a bias toward system programming and embedded, resource-constrained software and large systems, with performance, efficiency, and flexibility of use as its design highlights.

C++ is standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), with the latest standard version ratified and published by ISO in December 2017 as (informally known as C++17). The C++ programming language was initially standardized in 1998. The current C++17 standard supersedes these with new features and an enlarged standard library. Before the initial standardization in 1998, C++ was developed by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs since 1979 as an extension of the C language; he wanted an efficient and flexible language similar to C that also provided high-level features for program organization.

Here’s the basic difference between the C and C++ Language:-

Basis of distinction	C	C++
Designed by	Dennis Ritchie	Bjarne Stroustrup
First appeared	1972-1973	1985
Programming type	It is a Procedural language.	It is an Object-Oriented Programming language.
Approach	C language follows Top Down programming Approach.	C++ follow bottom-up programming approach.
File extension	The file extension of a C program is .c / .h	The file extension of a C++ program is .cpp/.C/.cc/.cxx/.c++/.h /.hh/.hpp/.hxx/.h++
Program division	In C programming language, a big program code is divided into small pieces which are called functions.	In C++ programming language, a big program code is divided into Objects and Classes.
Structure	Structure in C does not provide the feature of function declaration.	Structure in C++ provides the feature of declaring a function as a member function of the structure.
Inline function	It does not allow inline function.	It supports inline function.
Standard I/O operations	In C, scanf and printf are used for the standard input and output.	In C++, cin» and cout« are used for standard input and output operations.
Data Security	In C language the data is not secured.	Data is secure, so it can't be accessed by external functions. (Using Encapsulation concept of OOPs)
Ease of Coding	C is an older programming language that is described as Hands-on. In this language, you must tell the program to do everything.	C++ is an extension language of C. It allows for the highly controlled object-oriented code.
Compatibility with other languages	C is not compatible with another language.	C++ is compatible with the other generic programming languages.
Pointer	C supports only Pointers.	C++ supports both pointers and references.
Variable	In C, the variable should be defined at the beginning of the program.	C++ allows you to declare variables anywhere in the function.
Point of Focus	C focuses on the steps or procedures that are followed to solve a problem.	C++ emphasizes the objects and not the steps or procedures. It has higher abstraction level.
Function Overloading	C does not allow you to use function overloading.	C++ allows you to use function overloading.
Data Types	C language does not allows you to declare String or Boolean data types. It supports built-in and primitive data types.	C++ supports String and Boolean data types
Exception Handling	C does not support Exception Handling. However, it can be performed using some workarounds.	C++ supports Exception handling. Moreover, this operation can be performed using try and catch block.
Functions	Does not allows functions with default Arrangements.	Allow functions with default arrangements.
Namespace	It is absent in C language.	It is present in the C++ language.
Source Code	Free-format program source code.	Originally developed from the C programming language
Relationship	C is a subset of C++. It cannot run C++ code.	C++ is a superset of C. C++ can run most of C code while C cannot run C++ code
Driven by	Function-driven language	Object-driven language
Focus	Focuses on method or process instead of data.	Focuses on data instead of method or procedure.
Encapsulation	Does not support encapsulation. As Data and functions are separate and free entities.	Supports encapsulation. Data and functions are encapsulated together as an object.
Information hiding	C does not support information hiding. In this language, data are free entities and can be changed outside code.	Encapsulation hides the data. So that data structures and operators are used as per intention.
Memory management	C provide malloc() and calloc() functions for dynamic memory allocation.	C++ provides a new operator for this purpose.
Data Types	Supports built-in data types.	Supports built-in & user-defined data types.
Global Variables	Allows Multiple Declaration of global Variables.	Multiple Declaration of global variables are not allowed.
Concept of Mapping	The mapping between Data and Function is very complicated.	The mapping between Data and Function can be easily established using "Classes and Objects."
Inheritance	Inheritance is not supported in C.	Inheritance is possible in C++ language.
Default header file	C used stdio.h header file.	C++ uses iostream.h as default header file.
Virtual function	The concept of virtual Functions is present in C.	The concept of virtual Function is not used in C++
Keywords	Contain 32 keywords.	Contains 52 keywords.
Polymorphism	In C Polymorphism is not possible.	The concept of polymorphism is used in C++. Polymorphism is one of the most Important Features of OOPS.